Washington
(AP) – Exercise your brain. Nourish it well. And the earlier
you start, the better.
That’s the best advice doctors can yet offer to ward off
Alzheimer’s disease.
There’s no guarantee. But more and more research shows that
some fairly simple steps can truly lower your risk of the deadly
dementia.
Also, if Alzheimer’s strikes anyway, people who have followed
this advice tend to do better – their brains withstand the
attack longer before symptoms become obvious.
The goal: build up what’s called a “cognitive reserve.”
“Cognitive reserve is not something you’re born with,”
Dr. Yaakov Stern of Columbia University told a meeting of Alzheimer’s
researchers Monday. “It’s something that changes,
and can be modified over time.”
In fact, there’s now enough research backing this theory
that the Alzheimer’s Association is offering free classes
around the country to teach people – of any age, but especially
baby boomers – just how to do it. They call it “maintain
you brain.”
“There is tremendous interest in making sure that by the
time you’re 80, your brain is there with you,” explains
California psychologist Elizabeth Edgerly, who leads the program.
A healthy brain weighs about 2 pounds, roughly the size of a cauliflower.
Networks of blood vessels keep oxygen flowing to 100 billion brain
cells.
Branch-like tentacles extend from the ends of those cells, the
brain’s own specialized wiring to communicate. Under a microscope,
they look like bushy hairs. A healthy brain can continue to grow
new |
neurons
and rewire and adapt itself throughout old age – and you
want your brain to be as bushy as possible.
That growth starts in childhood, when parents read to tots, and
depends heavily on getting lots of education. The less educated
have double the risk of getting Alzheimer’s decades later
than people with a college education. Likewise, people who are
less educated and have a not-so-challenging job have three to
four times the risk of getting Alzheimer’s, Stern says.
If you’re already 40, don’t despair. What’s
the advice?
¯ Your brain is like a muscle – use it or lose it.
Brain scans show that when people use their brains in unusual
ways, more blood flows into different neural regions and new connections
form. Do a new type of puzzle, learn to play chess, take a foreign
language class or solve a vexing problem at work. Try to challenge
your brain daily, Edgerly advises.
¯ A healthy brain isn’t just an intellectual one. Social
stimulation is crucial, too. Don’t sit in front of the television.
People who are part of a group, whether it’s a church or
a book club, age healthier. Declining social interaction predicts
declining cognitive function, new government research shows.
¯ So do stress and anxiety. People who have what’s
called chronic distress – extreme worriers – are twice
as likely to develop some form of dementia, reports Dr. Robert
Wilson of Rush University Medical Center. Why? Autopsies show
these people actually had fewer bush-like tentacles, or dendrites,
linking their brain cells, meaning their brains were more vulnerable
when disease struck. |